I.什么是GTM52? Graduate texts in mathematics系列,No.52是代数几何学家Hartshorne在1977年发表的一本名为Algebraic geometry的教材。此书一共分为五章:Varieties, Schemes, Cohomology, Curves, Surfaces. 主体部分用Grothendieck的Scheme语言介绍了代数几何中最基本的概念和定理,用上同调的方法给出了一些代 数曲线和代数曲面的经典结论。 II.为什么要读 GTM52经常被称为代数几何的圣经,书中的定义和用法已经成为现代代数几何的规范。书中不到500页的内容里涵盖了极丰富的内容,而且谬误极少,毫无疑问 是数学教材中的经典。代数几何和相关领域的学生,都可以考虑用此书为教材来学习。但在这里必须指出,对于有一定基础的学生,通读此书要一年左右的时间, 所以如果只是想对代数几何有简单了解,有很多更合适的书,我会在最后列出。 III.预备知识在读GTM52之前,需要掌握微分几何,代数拓扑,交换代数的基本知识(比如complex manifolds, vector bundles, (deRham)cohomology, normalization), 尤 其是交换代数,应该掌握Atiyah-Macdonald中的内容。同样对代数几何也应该有简单的了解,GTM52并不适合做学习代数几何的第一本书。推荐给初学者的书 我也会在最后列出。 IV.如何去读因为采用了Grothendieck抽象的Scheme和Category的语言,而且作者很少用文字来解释背后的几何意义,GTM52是非常难上手的一本书。在读的时候切忌从 头到尾,一页一页的读,这是一个老教授让我最受益的忠告(他说”read linearly” is only for undergraduate students)。就是说一定不要读懂了一段再去读下一 段,如果不懂就反复读,读懂了也就不用回头在看了。因为这样读,一本书可能就要读十年了,而且往往也说不清是懂了还是不懂。遇到卡住的时候,只要认真想 过了,尽可以跳过,以后再回头重看。 关于书中的具体内容,第一章是用来热身,其中有很多具体的例子,对后面的理解会很有帮助。读后面时,也应该经常参考这些例子。第二三章最难,肯定要反复 读。这里我建议可以在粗略看过第二章到Differentials, 第三章到Serre duality之后就可以开始读第四章了。因为第二三章建立抽象的理论,在四五章得到应用。 这些应用会帮助读者更具体地理解之前抽象的理论。第二章的Formal schemes在之后的应用不多,可以跳过。第三章Serre duality之后的几节很难,对后来的 内容不是很重要,读第一遍时建议跳过。 每一节后都会有很多习题,应该尽量多做一些(我第一章做了80%,第二三章35%,四五章20%)。作者在定理的证明中经常会引用前面练习题的结果。我建议应 该把这些被引用的习题都做过。做习题时也应该卡住了就跳过,之后再会来重新想。 V.其他参考书目 EGA: 毫无疑问,Grothendieck的EGA是无可替代的经典。虽然GTM52涵盖了EGA大部分的内容,但是Grothendieck超越时代的理解,我们只能从原著中学 习。比如Scheme(X)可以理解成一个从affine schemes(或者rings)到sets的functor, 就是Hom(Spec(R), X). Scheme中的点可以理解成从Hom(Spec(R), X) 中的一个元素,这里的R可以是任意的交换环。这样的解释是以后建立Deformation theory, moduli space的基础。所以这些抽象的Category语言并不仅仅简化 证明,而且让我们从更高的角度来认识问题。但是EGA更加晦涩,可以考虑读过GTM52之后再读。 Basic algebraic geometry,volumn 1,2是Shafarevich在大概同一时期写的一套教材。第一册大概是GTM52第一章的扩充版,第二册现讲Schemes,再讲 Complex manifolds。虽然不深,但是很广,而且论述更详细,是我很喜欢的两本书。和很适合想简单了解代数几何的其他专业的同学读。 Principles of algebraic geometry:是几何大师P. Griffiths和他学生J. Harris写的用复几何来研究代数几何的教材。很漂亮的一本书,而且是这方面唯一的系统 的教材。在A. Weil和O. Zariski之前的数学家就是用这种复几何的语言来研究的,所以读者可以看到早期的代数几何学家的一些想法。在GTM52中,这些想法都 被抽象的语言所掩盖。不过书中小错误很多,不适合刚上手的同学读。有兴趣的同学可以先看看R. O. Wells的Differential analysis on complex manifolds. 另外还有很多不错的代数几何教材,不过我都没怎么看过,这里只列下题目。 David Mumford: complex projective varieties; The red book of varieties and schemes Joe Harris: Algebraic geometry: a first course Joe Harris, David Eisenbud: The geometry of schemes James Milne: Algebraic geometry, lecture notes available at jmilne.org(他有不少笔记,我看过的都很不错) 最后如果有对代数几何感兴趣,但没有很多预备知识(尤其是交换代数)的同学可以考虑看看Riemann surfaces的书。可以感受一下代数几何大概是在研究什么 。
读GTM52的一些建议
November 25, 2009All the way
July 27, 2009Just to keep a record of where I am and how I came here.
During the first year at Purdue, I was mainly interested in differential geometry. Since this isn’t very popular at Purdue, I was even thinking about to transfer. My interest in algebra was increasing as I was taking Ulrich’s commutative algebra, and Lipman’s abstract algebra.
Before the first summer, I was looking for some professor to take a book reading course. At first, Dr. Lee told me that she would be gonne for most of the summer. Then I emailed Yeung, Lempert, Donnelly and Catlin, but none of them is available. They are about all faculties around from whom I may learn some differential geometry. So I had to choose something different, and went to Lipman. He agreed to give me a reading course immediately, and later emailed me a book called “Algebraic and analytic geometry” By Aaron Neeman, which was published half year later. The results in the book were very hard. I couldn’t understand the main theorem, but still attracted by the topic. Hence I decided to work on Algebraic geometry.
Yeung is the first person I was thinking to work with. But unfortunately, he already had two students, and didn’t want any more. Under the advice of both Lipman and Yeung, I turned to Arapura, who was on sabatical for the whole year. Still I emailed him and he accepted! During my advisor’s absent, I spent most of the year reading Hartshorne, finished reading the first time around summer 08.
After my advisor came back at fall 09, he wanted me to go over the main part Hartshorne again with him. We spent about 3 months. In November, I took the advanced topic exam with Arapura and Lipman. Two weeks before the exam, Arapura gave a talk on the fundamental groups of compact Kahler manifolds. After that, he asked me some questions, one of them was “can every morphism between finite groups be realized as the induced morphism between fundamental groups from a holomorphic map between compact Kahler manifolds?” I was very interested and was able to solve this problem two days later. So right after the advanced topic exam, I started to work on this subject, with reading Voisin’s paper.
For more than two months, I was studying Kahler manifolds, and it’s topological structures. After the winter break, I switched the topic to vanishing theorems, because there is not a good problem in the previous subject proper for a graduate student. I spend most of the spring semester reading Esnault and Viehweg’s Lectures on vanishing theorems. Right before the Michigan workshop May 09, my advisor told me the specific problem he wanted me to think about. The approach he suggested was such a surprise to me, which also seems to be a long way to go.
Since this summer, I am thinking about either to learn some phisics or some number theory. We’ll see.
西游记(Jaca to Madrid)–地铁惊魂
June 29, 2009西游记(day -1,0,1,2,3,4)
June 25, 2009Best talent show
April 17, 2009这个都能杀
April 15, 2009If this reminds something……
March 21, 2009Something I want to know
March 10, 2009Here I am writing a list of topics I am learning or, most of them, I wish I will have a chance to learn some day.
I should be able to learn (more or less) most of the stuffs(eventually):
- Vanishing theorem (main job)
- Positivity in algebraic geometry, Book by Lasarsfeld (working on it)
- Hodge theory, Deligne’s work (working on it)
- Minimal model program(the several fundamental theorems of MMP)
- More transdental method in algebraic geometry
- Intersection theory
- Theory of algebraic curves
- Stacks and moduli spaces
- Proof of Serre’s GAGA
- Algebraic K-theory
These are also interesting:
- Resolution of singularity
- Grothendieck’s standard conjectures
- Weil’s conjecture
- Index theory
- Chern’s work on sphere bundle
- Theory of differential operators
习惯
February 24, 2009current problems
December 4, 2008Here are some problems I started to think about recently.
- Kahler groups: If a group is isomorphic to a fundamental group of a compact Kahler(complex projective) manifold, the we call it “Kahler”(“projective”). In general, we can ask what are the necessary and sufficient conditions to be Kahler or projective. We know projective implies Kahler, since complex projective manifold is always compact Kahler. And we ask, “whether every Kahler group is projective?”
- Kodaira’s problem: Kodaira proved every compact Kahler surface is equivalent to a projective surface via deformation. And Voisin constructed examples of dim>=4 compact Kahler manifolds, whose cohomology ring will never isomorphic to the one of any projective manifold, hence it is not equivalent to any projective manifold via deformation. But in dimesion 3, the problem is still open.
- Combining the above two question together, we can also ask the necessary or sufficient conditions of a graded-commutative ring to be Kahler or projective, in the sense of 1.
- Kahler morphisms: In the sense of 1, what morphisms between groups can be Kahler or projective?
The first three are more difficult and the last one seems more practical. Instead of settle down on one specific problem, I am wandering around and lead by my interest.

